Concept
- India is bound by Himalayas , Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal and Indian Ocean.
- Area: 3.28 million sq km
- Kashmir to Kanyakumari: 3200 Km ( N_S)
- Arunachal Pradesh to Kuchchh : 2900 Km ( E_W)
- Located in the northern hemisphere
- Tropic of Cancer ( 23°30'N) passes almost halfway through the country.
- From South to North , main land extends between 8°4'N and 37°6' N latitudes.
- From West to East , India extends between 68°7'E and 97°25'E longitudes.
- Due to great longitudinal extent of about 29°, there is a difference in local time of places located at two extrema points of India.
- Sun rises 2 hours earlier in the east ( Arunachal Pradesh) than in the west ( Gujarat ).
- Local time of longitude of 82°30'E has been taken as the Indian Standard Time.This meridian of longitude is also termed as the Standard Meridian of India.
- 7 countries share land boundaries with India.
- Himanlayan mountains are divided into 3 main parallel ranges:
- Great Himalaya or Himadri ( Northermost range ). World's highest Peaks are located in this range.
- Middle Himalaya or Himanchal ( South of Himadri )
- Shiwalik ( Southernmost range )
- Western Part of India lies the Great Indian Desert.
- South Part of Northern plains lies the Peninsular plateau. ( triangular shape).
- Arawali hills , one of the oldest mountain of the world.
- Lakshadweep Island in Arabian sea. These are coral islands.
- Tributary:a small river that flows into a larger river.
- Peninsula: a piece of land that is almost entirely surrounded by water but is connected to the mainland on one side.
- Alluvial Deposits : alluvial deposit, Material deposited by rivers. It consists of silt, sand, clay, and gravel, as well as much organic matter.
- Corals: Corals are small marine animals.