Concepts

Things to Remember

  • Manufacturing - Production of goods in large quantities after processing from raw materials to more valuable products.
  • lndustry - The expended form of manufacturing.
  • Basic or key industries - Which supply their products or raw materials to manufacture other goods e.g. Iron and steel industry.
  • Agro based Industries - Which changes agricultural products into industrial products.
  • Cottage Industry - With the help of small tools and involving family members e.g. khadi, handicrafts etc.
  • Small scale industries - lndustries which can be started with small amount of capital and with a few labours.
  • Heavy industries - The industries which uses heavy and more space occupying raw material like iron and steel, sugar, cement etc.
  • Private sector industries - Owned and operated by individuals or a group of individuals, e.g. Dabur, Bajaj etc.
  • Public sector industries - Owned and operated by government agencies e.g. BHEL, SAIL, GAIL etc.
  • Joint sector industries - Which are jointly run by the state and individuals or a group of individuals, e.g. Oil India Ltd.
  • Cooperative sector industries - These are owned and operated by the producers or suppliers of raw materials, workers or both. They pool in
    the resources and share the profits or losses proportionately such as the sugar industry in Maharashtra, the coir industry in Kerala.
  • Foreign Exchange - The exchange of a country’s currency to another state.
  • Foreign currency - The medium of exchange which is used to buy and sell goods with other countries, by a government.
  • Mineral based industries - Which use minerals as their raw material. Such as machine tools, cement, iron and steel etc.
  • lndustrial Sickness - Loss or shut down of an industry.

Importance of manufacturing industries

  • Modering Agriculture
  • Provide jobs in secondary tertiary sector
  • Bring down regional disparities
  • Eradication of Unemployment
  • Export of manufactured good

Factors of Industrial Location:

  • Raw Material
  • Labour
  • Capital
  • Energy
  • Market
  • Transport

Classification of Industries on the basis of

  • On the basis of raw material uses
    • Agro based Ex-cotton, Jute, Sugar industries
    • Mineral based. Example- Iron and steel, cement industrial etc.
    • According to their main role1. Basic or key industry, Example-copper smelting, aluminium smelting etc.
    • Consumer industries, Example - Paper, Fans etc.
  • On The Basis of ownership
    • Public Sector, Example - BHEL, SAIL, etc.
    • Private Sector, Example- TISCO, Bajaj auto ltd.
    • Joint Sector, Example-OIL
    • Cooperative Sector, Example - Sugar Industries in Maharashtra etc.
  • Industrial pollution and Environment Degradation
    • Air Pollution
      • Industries emitted sulphar dioxide and carbon monoxide
      • Smoke is emitted by chemical and paper factories, bricks kilns, refineries etc.
    • Water Pollution
      • Caused by organic and inorganic industrial wastes.
      • Main culprits are paper, pulp, chemical, textile industries etc.
    • Thermal Pollution
      • *Hot water from factories and thermal plants is drained into rivers.
    • Noise Pollution
      • It can caused hearing impairment
      • It increases heart rate and blood pressure etc.

Mock Test